Médico, traductor, inventor: Miguel de Luna, Cristiano arábigo de Granada".

[ES] El morisco Miguel de Luna es conocido, principalmente, por ser el autor de la Verdadera historia del Rey don Rodrigo y por su intervención, como traductor y posible coautor, en la falsifi cación de los Libros Plúmbeos del Sacromonte. En este artículo aportamos nueva documentación sobre su trayectoria biográfi ca y sobre sus actividades: realizamos una edición y estudio de su tratado Sobre la conveniencia de restaurar los baños y estufas, y un análisis de su participación en el asunto del aparecimiento de la Santa Vera Cruz de Caravaca; recogemos, además, material novedoso sobre su participación en las falsifi caciones granadinas. Todo ello conforma un perfi l coherente de la fi gura de Miguel de Luna, no como un criptomusulmán, sino como “cristiano arábigo”, que intenta desislamizar la herencia cultural y lingüística árabe para conseguir integrarla en la sociedad española de su época.[EN] The Morisco Miguel de Luna is known mainly as the author of the book La verdadera historia del Rey Don Rodrigo and by his participation as translator and possible co-author, of the forgeries known as the Lead Books of the Sacromonte. In this article we provide new documents for his biography and his activities, specially his treaty on the use of baths and his participation in the affair of the Santa Vera Cruz de Caravaca. We also provide new documents on his role in the Sacromonte affair. The whole conforms a new profi le of Miguel de Luna not as a crypto-muslim Morisco but as a Christian Arabic, someone who endeavours to de-islamize the Arabic heritage, both in its linguistic and cultural aspects, to include it and make it acceptable in the Spanish society of his time.Peer reviewe

Variation and evolution of plant virus populations

Over the last 15 years, interest in plant virus evolution has re-emerged, as shown by the increasing number of papers published on this subject. In recent times, research in plant virus evolution has been viewed from a molecular, rather than populational, standpoint, and there is a need for work aimed at understanding the processes involved in plant virus evolution. However, accumulated data from analyses of experimental and natural populations of plant viruses are beginning to delineate some trends that often run contrary to accepted opinion: (1) high mutation rates are not necessarily adaptive, as a large fraction of the mutations are deleterious or lethal; (2) in spite of high potential for genetic variation, populations of plant viruses are not highly variable, and genetic stability is the rule rather than the exception; (3) the degree of constriction of genetic variation in virus-encoded proteins is similar to that in their eukaryotic hosts and vectors; and (4) in spite of huge census sizes of plant virus populations, selection is not the sole factor that shapes their evolution, and genetic drift may be important. Here, we review recent advances in understanding plant virus evolution, and describe the experimental and analytical methods most suited to this purpose

Physician, translator, inventor: Miguel de Luna, arabic christian from Granada

Artículo de la sección: Varia.El morisco Miguel de Luna es conocido, principalmente, por ser el autor de la "Verdadera historia del Rey don Rodrigo" y por su intervención, como traductor y posible coautor, en la falsificación de los Libros Plúmbeos del Sacromonte. En este artículo aportamos nueva documentación sobre su trayectoria biográfica y sobre sus actividades: realizamos una edición y estudio de su tratado "Sobre la conveniencia de restaurar los baños y estufas", y un análisis de su participación en el asunto del aparecimiento de la Santa Vera Cruz de Caravaca; recogemos, además, material novedoso sobre su participación en las falsificaciones granadinas. Todo ello conforma un perfil coherente de la figura de Miguel de Luna, no como un criptomusulmán, sino como “cristiano arábigo”, que intenta desislamizar la herencia cultural y lingüística árabe para conseguir integrarla en la sociedad española de su época.The Morisco Miguel de Luna is known mainly as the author of the book "Verdadera historia del Rey Don Rodrigo" and by his participation as translator and possible co-author, of the forgeries known as the Lead Books of the Sacromonte. In this article we provide new documents for his biography and his activities, specially his treaty on the use of baths and his participation in the affair of the Santa Vera Cruz de Caravaca. We also provide new documents on his role in the Sacromonte affair. The whole conforms a new profile of Miguel de Luna not as a crypto-muslim Morisco but as a Christian Arabic, someone who endeavours to de-islamize the Arabic heritage, both in its linguistic and cultural aspects, to include it and make it acceptable in the Spanish society of his time.Departamento de Historia Moderna y de América, Universidad de Granada

Diego de Urrea y algún traductor más: en torno a las versiones de los "plomos"

This article is dedicated to the life and work of Diego de Urrea, one of the most important translators and interpreters of Arabic in late 16th-17th century Spain. He was a professor of Arabic at the University of Alcalá de Henares and a translator of the Sacromonte Lead Tablets. He catalogued the Arabic manuscripts of the Library at El Escorial, where he also taught the friars and translated Arabic works. He was an interpreter, negotiator and spy in affairs related to Morocco. His career illustrates what the knowledge and use of the Arabic language as an instrument of political and strategic matters meant in his age, as well as illuminating Arabic's academic and humanistic dimension.En este artículo tratamos de reconstruir la vida de Diego de Urrea, uno de los traductores e intérpretes de árabe más importantes de finales del s. XVI y principios del XVII en España. Sus actividades como catedrático en Alcalá de Henares, traductor de los Plomos del Sacromonte, catalogador de los manuscritos árabes de El Escorial, negociador, intermediario y espía en asuntos marroquíes, hacen de él una figura paradigmática de lo que significó en su época el conocimiento y la utilización del árabe, como instrumento para cuestiones de importancia política y estratégica inmediata y también en su dimensión humanística y académica

Los libros de los moriscos y los eruditos orientales

The aim of this paper is to show how the Orientalist scholarship of Christian Arabs who had come to Spain from the Middle East (via Italy) adressed the literature of the Moriscos, to examine how it was understood by such scholars and what they used it for. We show that these scholars, from among whom we have chosen the examples of Marcus Dobelius and Miguel Casiri, could not carry out their Orientalist work using the Arabic manuscripts of the El Escorial library without confronting the Morisco problem in the form of Morisco texts held in several collections confiscated by the Inquisition. The knowledge and activities of these Moriscos served to trace the broad outlines of an intellectual history of the Arabic language in Europe, in which Morisco activity was interppreted in relation to its linguistic and doctrinal variables. This was achieved by means of the construction of a scholarly discipline (Orientalism) at a time of religious polemic between the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, i.e. during the period of the development of religious dissidence and skepticism in early modern Europe.Pretendemos, en este trabajo, mostrar cómo la erudición orientalista de árabes cristianos venidos a España desde Oriente (a través de Italia) se aproximó a la literatura de los moriscos, cómo la entendió y para qué la utilizó. Mostramos que estos eruditos, de entre los que elegimos los casos de Marcos Dobelio y Miguel Casiri, no pudieron realizar su trabajo orientalista, que se basa en una fuerte vinculación con los manuscritos árabes de la Biblioteca de El Escorial, sin evitar el problema morisco en forma de su producción escrita aparecida en diversos fondos requisados por la Inquisición. Sus saberes y su actividad sirven para trazar los contornos amplios de una historia intelectual de la lengua árabe en Europa, en la que el hecho morisco es interpretado en función de sus variables lingüsticas y doctrinales, a partir de la constitución de una disciplina erudita (el orientalismo), en medio de las polémicas religiosas entre Reforma y Contrarreforma, a partir, en fin, de la historia de la disidencia religiosa y del escepticismo en la Europa Moderna

GIJÓN (Asturias) (Puerto). Cartas náuticas. 1881 (1879). 1:10.000

Escala expresada en otras unidades, pero el mapa está perdido en esta zonaOrientado con rosa en cuadro de declinación magnéticaOrografía por normalesIndica sondas batimétricas en metros, veriles y bancos de arenaDestacan los caminos y núcleos de poblaciónad del fondoConsta sello en seco de la Dirección de HidrografíaInserta: "Vista del Cerro de Sta. Catalina y Puerto de Gijón". - En el reverso: "13 A". - Muy deteriorad

Ecological and genetic determinants of Pepino mosaic virus emergence

Virus emergence is a complex phenomenon, which generally involves spread to a new host from a wild host, followed by adaptation to the new host. Although viruses account for the largest fraction of emerging crop pathogens, knowledge about their emergence is incomplete. We address here the question of whether Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) emergence as a major tomato pathogen worldwide could have involved spread from wild to cultivated plant species and host adaptation. For this, we surveyed natural populations of wild tomatoes in southern Peru for PepMV infection. PepMV incidence, genetic variation, population structure, and accumulation in various hosts were analyzed. PepMV incidence in wild tomatoes was high, and a strain not yet reported in domestic tomato was characterized. This strain had a wide host range within the Solanaceae, multiplying efficiently in most assayed Solanum species and being adapted to wild tomato hosts. Conversely, PepMV isolates from tomato crops showed evidence of adaptation to domestic tomato, possibly traded against adaptation to wild tomatoes. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the most probable ancestral sequence came from a wild Solanum species. A high incidence of PepMV in wild tomato relatives would favor virus spread to crops and its efficient multiplication in different Solanum species, including tomato, allowing its establishment as an epidemic pathogen. Later, adaptation to tomato, traded off against adaptation to other Solanum species, would isolate tomato populations from those in other hosts